A CASE REPORT METASTATIC HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA TO ORAL SOFT TISSUE
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma comprises approximately 90% of primary cancers of liver. Extrahepatic metastasis occurs in about 30-50% of patients. They are commonly affecting the lungs, abdominal lymph nodes, diaphragm and skeleton. However, metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to oral cavity is uncommon, based on the facts that tumours of the oromaxillofacial region are mainly primary in origin whereby metastatic cases account only 1%
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal, which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is under the BOAI definition of open access.
The journal is adopting the Creative Commons International Attribution 4. CC Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0CC BY-NC 4.0]
You are free to:
- Share— copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt— remix, transform, and build upon the material
- for any purpose
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
-
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes .
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
References
Daley, T. D., Minett, C. P., Driman, D. K. & Darling, M. R. Oral metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: A changing demographic in Europe and North America. Immunohistochemical advances in the microscopic diagnosis. Oral Oncol. 47, 62–67 (2011).
Terada, T. & Maruo, H. Unusual extrahepatic metastatic sites from hepatocellular carcinoma. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 6, 816–820 (2013).
Alrumaih, R. A., Arian, A. A., Alhedyani, A. A., Al-Zaher, N. & Dababo, M. A. Hepatocellular carcinoma first presenting as a tumor of the oral cavity. Hematol. Oncol. Stem Cell Ther. 8, 130–135 (2015).
Ramôa Pires, F. et al. Oral metastasis of a hepatocellular carcinoma. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 97, 359–368 (2004).
Okada, H. et al. Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma of the maxillary sinus: A rare autopsy case without lung metastasis and a review. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 32, 97–100 (2003).
Hou, Y. et al. Gingival metastasis from primary hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and literature review of 30 cases. BMC Cancer 19, 1–10 (2019).
Bialecki, E. S. & Di Bisceglie, A. M. Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hpb 7, 26–34 (2005).